Enlightenment and Romanticism

Constructions of reading/writing in the British literature of the Enlightenment and Romanticism Robinson Crusoe, which was written by Daniel Defoe, was published in 1719. At the time of its publish, a revolution was taking place all across Europe known as the Enlightenment period. The Enlightenment period was a time of conflict, suffering, and also a time of growth for society. This revolutionary time period gave birth to such terms as deism, rationalism, skepticism, and empiricism. The period also saw an uprising in a new ideology towards human thought.Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe is primarily defined by a mythic conversion experience as the novel's core narrative structure traces the hero's transition from social isolation and disconnection to self-actualisation and social reintegration. As sole survivor of a shipwreck, Crusoe has to survive in, and adapt to a space which he initially experiences as alien and threatening, and he gradually begins to transform himself along with hi s environment. By the time he leaves the island 28 years later, he has become a resourceful and capable ruler over an economically viable cultural monopoly.This conversion process is exemplified by Crusoe's appropriation of the island, as this space becomes the site onto which all of his anxieties and aspirations are inscribed. Consequently, the island is â€Å"transformed† from untamed wilderness into a cultivated â€Å"paradise† that bears testament to both Enlightenment rectitude and Western accomplishment. As such, the central aim of this article is to examine how Crusoe's conversion of an unknown, marginal and ambiguous geographical locale into a prototypical British colony establishes a monologic world order on the island that defines identity as fixed and the island space as contained.In the Bakhtinian sense, a monologic world is closed, static, and limiting in the way in which it denies the Other. In Robinson Crusoe, a monologic world view is manifested by Crus oe's experience of and adaptation to space as well as processes of identity formation. In this regard, Crusoe's relation to space emulates processes of colonisation, as illustrated by his appropriation and domestication of the island. Furthermore, Crusoe's relation to space also reveals his identity to adhere to an unyielding and codified structure of hierarchy and authority. Crusoe ecreates this monologic structure on the island by appointing himself as master over the island's animal and human residents. Accordingly, literature of the time placed great emphasis on the importance of rationalism and moral righteousness and dealt with themes that showed the importance of conforming to socially acceptable ideals for the sake of achieving self-actualisation. In Robinson Crusoe, Enlightenment ideals are articulated by the novel's compounding theme of individual advancement from a primitive state to a productive, ordered and purposeful existence.Though life seems to have been experienced as a vale of tears since the beginning of recorded history, the manner of feeling has changed considerably from one culture epoch to another. Every reader knows that â€Å"sentimentalism†,used almost invariably today to condemn the excessive,maudlin,or false emotional response,refers also to a benevolistic ideal which from at least 1740s made tears rather than leers a mark of society. From Goldsmith`s writings, a reader can see that the focus centers on the simple agrarian life style of the yeoman farmer.This focus would be natural, since Goldsmith was born and raised in the rural culture of Ireland. Goldsmith and other pre-romantics had a cautious distrust for industrialism, while the Romantics had developed later a strong aversion toward the destruction of rural communities throughout England, Ireland, and Scotland. The Vicar of Wakefield discusses the loss of nobility, faith, and innocence. Oddly, The Vicar of Wakefield did not achieve any greatness until the 19th century .In his advertisement about the book, Goldsmith states, â€Å"The hero of this piece unites in himself the three greatest characters upon earth; he is a priest, an husbandman, and the father of a family. † The protagonist is the sort of man that we can all admire. Through the character of Dr. Primrose, the reader will watch a man of honor try to combat the decay of his society around him by attempting to stay true to his own principles, even when he seems to fail to impress these principles upon his own family, particularly his wife and daughters.Like a conlusion, the first novel shows us the truth,the right situation when the man should be satisfied within his limitations,the work for him is a noble thing and he is driving by ideas,by the other hand in the second novel ,the literary form is more orginal,every day experience and by the way in prim-plan sets the feelings . The feelings provide knowledge and here is no limits, no adventure, no leisure: ‘painful feeling of incomplete destiny†. For the society in romanticism is important alienation and for enlightenment ,the order and the authority ineherently good.

Situation in Syria Mun!

Committee Name: General Assembly Committee Topic: Situation in Syria Country Name: Canada A. Dating back to the time of the Ottoman Empire, the situation in Syria has become increasingly violent over time. [1] Back in 1911, an organization called Al-Fatat (Young Arab Society) was founded. [1] According to research, it was basically a secret Arab nationalist organization that aimed to gain independence and unity for multiple Arab nations that was, at the time, under Ottoman rule; their movement was a successful on that took them to their independence from the Ottoman rule. 1] However, it wasn’t until February 5, 1919 that the first official political party, the Instiqlal Party, was formed since the independence. The political party is what changed the history of Syria. [1] In 1970, a man named Hafez al-Assad became President of Syria. He was the president who amended the Syrian constitution in order to reduce the age of the President from 40 to 30. This allowed his son Bashar a l-Assad to become a ruling president in 2000, unopposed. 1] Since his presidency, Syria has become very violent because of the numerous rebel groups that are against this ruler who claims that he will be Syria’s only ruler; a ruler for life. Recent news articles state that Syria has been experiencing much worse battles compared to those in Libya because of the political unrest. [1] B. The UN has taken several minor actions in reducing this so called revolution taking place in Syria. By doing so, the UN has passed resolutions that have helped alleviate some of the unrest in Syria.However, the problem has increasingly still remains and has gotten progressively worse over the years. For example, the UN drafted a resolution in June 28, 2011 that was called the â€Å"Arab League Plan†. This resolution focused on how Syria can transition to a democratic, plural political system, in which citizens are equal despite ethnicities, beliefs, or affiliations. [2] Not only that, but this resolution also called on the Syrian Government to cease violence against civilians and to withdraw its armed forces with cities and towns and return them to their barracks. 2] After much discussion, this resolution has been recently voted on and was double vetoed by the countries of Russia and China. [2] Therefore, the UN must continue to discuss and come to compromises on this matter immediately in order to prevent any further mass causality in Syria. C. The country of Canada has been a major source as Syria’s international partner to pave the way for a peaceful transition to a society that needs respect for fundamental rights of its entire people. 3] In the past, Canada has supported Syria’s situation by supplying Syria’s embassy with diplomatic staffs to better the country’s border control in order monitor what the people bring in and out of the country. [4] To be more specific, Canada was assisting Syria’s by making sure rebel groups wer e not smuggling any illicit weapons that can further threaten the people in Syria. However, as instability grew in Syria, Canada began to reduce their staff in concern for the wellbeing of their own citizens residing in Syria. 4] Canada’s main priority, as of recent, is to urge all Canadians to leave Syria now before the violence escalades. By doing so, Canada will continue the use of sanctions on Syria under the Special Economic Measures Act in response to the continued repression of Syrian civilians and Syria’s failure to implement the Arab League plan to resolve the crisis. [5] When this is somewhat achieved, Canada will slowly reduce the sanctions understanding that sanctions may cause the situation in Syria to worsen.To keep the peace going in such a situation, the country of Canada would like to push for peace talks held in Geneva that would be between the Big 5, Syrian government, Syrian people, Middle Eastern countries, and Canada or any other countries in the UN as mediator in order to come to compromises and negotiations, especially after the recent double vetoed resolution made by the Security Council just recently. Lastly, Canada would like to focus briefly on the humanitarian aspect in Syria.As part of the EU, Canada actively participates in an organization called MSF. (Medecins Sans Frontieres) This organization is an international, independent, medical humanitarian organization that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, healthcare exclusion and natural or man-made disasters. [6] The country of Canada has found this organization very effective in such situations for it has helped humanitarian issues in Myanmar and other Third World Nations. [6]

A Look At The Dualism Concept Between The Body And Soul As Depicted In Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes

A Look At The Dualism Concept Between The Body And Soul As Depicted In Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Body and Soul Rene Descartes presents in his Meditations on First Philosophy the idea of dualism, the belief that the body and the soul exist separately from each other. Physical human bodies are composed of cells, tissue, blood, organs, skin, a brain and the like. From the brain, humans have thought. The mental capacity to think is what creates human personality and allows humans to reason and form ideas. The question of whether or not the body and soul are separated or not is a vital philosophical question, especially to Descartes as he grapples with meditation and the feeling that nothing is real or certain. This leads him to question his own existence and who he is. In this paper, I will argue against Descartes’s belief on dualism as the body requires the soul to live. The soul and body are tied together in order to grant humans the ability to exist, create goals to chase after and grow as individuals. The main argument is that the body and soul are individual forms. Descartes presents three main premises. The first premise of this argument begins with Descartes stating â€Å"if I convinced myself of something then I certainly existed†¦I am, I exist† (Descartes 110). This pertains to the soul and that if a human is capable of thought, they exist. Even if a person is unsure of their actual existence, it does not matter as long as they themselves believe they are alive and existing. This leads into the second premise where it is discussed whether humans are being deceived by God over their existence. Descartes argues that if even if God, or some creator, is deceiving us, if we think we exist we do. However, if God is the perfect creator of the universe it would makes sense that He gave his creation souls and a sound existence. The third premise describes the body and soul separately, showing how the two are different. Descartes labels the body as simply being our physical self, that has hands, feet and a solid figure. He writes how the soul has features like sense perception and the ability to fabricate thoughts. The body and soul are presented as being unique from each other, thus the concept of dualism is confirmed. These premises come together to shape the conclusion that confirm duality and that the body and soul are apart from one another. I agree with Descartes’s first premise on the grounds that if we think we exist, we do. It is impossible to definitively find out if everything is a faà §ade or if humans truly do exist in a real universe. But due to the fact that humans are alive and can think, it is presumed that humans do exist, at least to a certain extent. I also agree with his third premise on the body and soul being different. The soul is not something that is visible but rather an abstract concept used to describe what governs the body and allows humans to speak, think and act. However, I do not agree with his overall notion of duality. Descartes presents his argument without sufficient evidence but rather relies on his own opinion. Typically, a body without a soul cannot be called an existing being. The body might be alive but with no soul there is no person, no identity or personality. Similarly, without a physical body the soul cannot exist. If there is no body there is no person to speak of. Upon birth and death, the body and soul arrive and leave together, leading to the conclusion that they are linked together and rejecting dualism.

Great Power Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century Essay

Great Power Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Globalization in the twentieth century fueled the development of favorable environmental conditions which inevitably led to the expansion of international trade of goods and manpower services. On the other hand, the geopolitical polices of the twentieth century allowed the establishment of national and imperial control over the process of globalization. Therefore, globalization coupled with effective geopolitical policies shaped the great power diplomacy of the twentieth century. The development of great power diplomacy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was limited to European countries. The reason for this limitation was due to the centralization of power in Europe. The European countries were and still are in many ways the great powers of the world which promoted the permeation of diplomacy throughout the world. The Second half of the century that followed the Second World War can be legitimately regarded as the great era of balance of power diplomacy in the twentieth century. The balance of diplomacy was essential in order to reduce the increasingly apocalyptic implications another war could have on the stability of the world. Great Britain wanted to take advantage of this time and play an instrumental role in brokering the exact location where the balance of power would lay. However, British dream was threatened from the very beginning due to the rise of two super powers i.e. The United States of America and The Soviet Union. Moreover, Britain did not posses the natural affinity with growing economy and the need for political closeness between previous enemies, which was simply essential for the development of balance of power. 3 I felt the need to briefly discuss the balance of power because it is critically related to diplomacy and it can be safely stated that the mothers of Great Power Diplomacy of the twentieth century were the need for globalization, geopolitical policies, and balance of power. I would now throw light over the real meaning of the word diplomacy. Diplomacy can have different meanings in different countries around the world because the dimensions of the word are determined and influenced by political policies of a country. In general, the meaning of diplomacy is a tool for the promotion and implementation of foreign policies of a country. The most important institute in modern society is, indeed, diplomacy. The process of Diplomacy comprises numerous underlying steps including gathering information, clarifying intentions, and engendering good will. All such processes require stability and peace within a nation. The essence of diplomacy is peace and stability within a society. Therefore, one of the numerous obstacles faced by the great power diplomacy in the nineteenth century had been the political and economical instability of the world. Thus, i n the twentieth century, it became necessary for the great powers to establish peace in order to diffuse the growing tension within the European countries. The diffusion of anger and tension was necessary to eliminate the prospect of another war. I believe that the single most important event which significantly changed the Great Power Diplomacy in the twentieth century were the Locarno Treaties of 1925. The treaties promoted the development of

Virtual world Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Virtual world - Assignment Example 6 Figure 2: village†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Figure 3 Figure 1: the village with houses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Figure 4 Figure 2: a complete waste management game†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 1.0 Abstract The virtual world is an online society, which is in the form of a computer system environment. The main elements of the virtual world are the avatars that are visible to each other in 2-dimension, 3-dimension, and even as textual. The users of the virtual world related or interact through a computer based 3-D system and create objects no matter where they are located physically. The virtual world application enables the ma ny users to use such computer applications at the same time. Virtual world applications are used in marketing, prototyping, training, sales, replication and distance learning. Development of Digital virtual world involves the ability of producing a user-friendly environment where multiple users are able to interact. The virtual world is commonly used in institutions, schools, government organization, institutions, and corporations. Virtual world enables users to meet online and have the feeling of being together thereby enabling partnership of different countries. 2.0 Introduction In the world today, needs are arising of enforcing strong values on waste disposal through education of the masses, coming up with strategic planning and creating tools for effective communication towards enhancing behavioural change. To best capture the majority specifically the youthful population, there has been need to develop a series of game are designed that will capture their attention. Games are v iewed to be enjoyed when played. While people engage in playing games, learning is also enhanced through the game. Youths sand children are expected to gain constructive knowledge through virtualizing their world. Notably, the development of the game involves the same methodologies as applied in the application development. Therefore, this project aims at deploying the Agile Application development method. The Agile game development usually aims at educating children and youths on the collection of waste materials, that helps in conserving the environment. 3.0 Related Work Numerous virtual game applications are available in the market. Simcity Application is an example of a virtual world game where users can play the game by creating and managing modelled societies and world. Simcity does not make use of individual Avatars as a demonstration of the players. The Math - city is an example of simulation-based learning that supports students in their learning process especially in Mathe matical calculations. The advancement in Mathematics is used to promote the growth in the community. Recycle city recommends a point-and-click interfaces that will help in delivering environmental education the people. Nonetheless, this project will employ the 3D virtual world approach that can explore the use of an avatar as association and competition social methods. In this sense, the learner playing the game that involves environmental management techniques will develop the sense and the need of environmental conservation through the game (Kalivarapu et al, 2004, Pg. 7). 3.0 Objectives of the project The project is designed to help

One flew over the cuckoo's nest Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

One flew over the cuckoo's nest - Movie Review Example Very much calm and controlled, she runs the ward in a tyrannical fashion and with mechanical precision. Without direct threats or accusations, her authoritative manner bullies all the patients into submission. Her own name is a combination of the words "rat" and "wretched" (H.J. Summers and S. Summers, 2003). In spite of what one would expect, Mc Murphy's charisma and energy win the respect and admiration of the patients in the ward. He fits well within the ward's environment and his presence causes some of the patients to show improvement; for example, he involves the Chief in a basketball game, other patients in card games and takes them all on a fishing trip. However, he soon becomes aware of the injustices and mistreatment they are the subject of and starts a personal battle. The incident regarding the use of the television to watch the World Series is a good example of this. One night, McMurphy organizes a party involving the patients, a couple of women and alcohol. During the party, McMurphy notices that Billy likes one of his female friends and he asks her to sleep with him. In the morning, nurse Ratched finds the ward in a mess with the patients sleeping all over the place after passing out from alcohol consumption. When they perform a head count, the nurses find Billy with the woman in his room. Nurse Ratched confronts him and humiliates him once more. The argument causes Billy to commit suicide. At this point, McMurphy physically attacks nurse Ratched and is close to murdering her. The reprisal is terrible: a lobotomy1 that leaves McMurphy severely disabled. When McMurphy is returned to the ward, the Chief realizes that they will not be escaping together now and, as he does not want to leave his friend behind in that state, he suffocates him with a pillow. The closing scene shows how the Chief followed the plan that McMurphy had proposed, throws a hydrotherapy fountain through a window and runs away in the search of freedom. The movie is a fantastic attempt to encourage debate about insanity. Psychology had gone through a very prestigious phase in the USA at the end of the 1950s; but, by the 1960s, this notion had changed radically. Philosophers and sociologists argued that the modern definition of insanity is a cultural invention and a means of control. In this manner, individuals branded as "mad" or "insane" were isolated from society and secluded into asylums, where they no longer posed a threat for society (K. Kesey, 2002). 2. ANALYSIS Randle Patrick McMurphy and Mildred Ratched are the main characters of the movie. In fact, the plot is a series of confrontations between the two characters. McMurphy is a criminal that seeking to "enjoy" his sentence in comfort, feigns lunacy in order to be admitted into a mental asylum. He is a fun-loving individual, a free spirit that challenges authority and resents any form of control. He is intelligent, flamboyant and energetic. Interestingly, he is described by members of the establishment as belligerent, resentful and lazy. In conversation with

Ethics in Medicine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics in Medicine - Research Paper Example Subsequently, an analysis of womens rights to their bodies is outlined in this paper. This will be achieved in this paper through the identification of a point of argument relative to womens rights to their bodies, an elucidation of the logical strengths and weaknesses of the issue as well as how it is approached, and also through a determination on whether the issue attempts to overreach into personal liberty. Krieger postulates the fact that the history of womens fight for the right to their bodies runs back to the 1970s. This began when women established movements geared towards the protection of their rights to "access safe, legal abortion and contraception in North America and Europe and soon afterwards Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa" (p. 726). During this period, women fought for their right to make their own decisions in regard to what point at their lives to have children, as well as the method or technique to be used when giving birth not considering their ethnic background, age, abilities, and also their social and economic status. Womens rights to their bodies became an issue when countries all over the world started creating and implementing plans of action aimed towards denying women their rights. For instance, this became an issue in India when the government enforced rules that required women to undergo sterilization and also insert hormonal implants in their bodies. Similarly, womens rights to their bodies became an issue in the Philippines and South American countries as a result of imposed strategies supported by the religious organizations disallowing or making illegal birth control methods and termination of pregnancies. In some African countries such as Egypt and Nigeria, womens rights to their bodies became an issue based on the governments disregard to dangerous and harmful cultural practices such as female circumcision (Krieger

HCM477-0802A-01 Finance in Health Care - Phase 2 Discussion Board 2 Essay

HCM477-0802A-01 Finance in Health Care - Phase 2 Discussion Board 2 - Essay Example Departmental budgets are pieces of budgets that individuals and/or groups (departments) of an organization are responsible for (Oliver 2000). Total facilities budget, on the other hand, is the total, final budget prepared by an organization chairperson. Clearly, the relationship between them is that departmental budgets are parts of the total facilities budget. That is, the total facilities budget is made up of the departmental budgets; hence, it is dependent on them. The business transactions that take place in an organizational budget are all expected income and expected expenses for the year. The first one is reported as budget income transactions and the second as budget expense transactions. Furthermore, the start of year Class balances are identified and accounted for as an accessible source of income. Therefore, the budget formula is: The three stages involved in preparing a total budget are: (1) Budget Preparation (2) Budget Execution and (3) Budget Evaluation. The first one requires program and budget planning and funds procurement. The decisions, therefore, that need to be made at this stage involves how to estimate costs, where to get funds from, communicating with members of the organization so as to make planning effective, etc. The second stage engages in fiscal management so decision problems that could affect the relationship between departmental budgets and total facility budgets could be how to locate internal funds, whether projection of variances by the departments were right, whether management of cash flow was effective. Lastly, the third stage requires budget cycling and performance assessments and audits. The decision problems here could be about reporting to external constituencies, maybe program re-planning or continuing with the budget. (http://www.socwel.ku.edu/marke//Total%20Budgeting.ppt). Each department is responsible for managing within the constraints of the fiscal year. Each departmental budget

647 W3D "identify risks associated with a project " Essay

647 W3D "identify risks associated with a project " - Essay Example If a project fails to attain its short term objectives, risks can be easily detected. In an argument by Hubbard (2009) identifying risks at the early stages of a project life span can be done accurately, easily and effectively. In the case of general motors, early detection of risks was effective. The company had rebranded and required to increase its income. The first step in creating the project required the creation of an IPO. The short-term of the project was to identify how the market valued the stock and how much money the process would generate and its impact to the general outcome of increasing company income. In analyzing the risk, the early stages of the project depicted significant increase in the company income. In an instance where the company failed to identify the risks that may arise, the IPO would have been replaced by a less efficient strategy (Hopkins,

Dutch Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dutch Artwork - Essay Example Also, the woman’s pregnancy is readily noticeable showing that a significant amount of time has passed symbolizing the beginning of new life. Her lowered gaze and left hand gently resting on the table beside the sparkling gold and pearls, suggest that she’s serenely waiting for the empty balance to come to a rest. The woman’s calm, still posture and peaceful face along with the illuminated painting of the â€Å"Last Judgment† illustrate that she’s weighing much more than worldly objects. This mundane, everyday act signifies a larger, more eternal action. The woman’s pensive posture, thoughtful expression, empty illuminated balance, and the stillness of this brief moment all possibly suggest the need to balance the worldly and the spiritual life. Rachel Ruysch's "Flower Still Life" is a striking painting of a bouquet of colorful flowers blossoming beautifully amidst a swirl of leaves and buds. The dark background and tabletop emphasize the viv id brightness and lifelike hues of the flowers, stems, and leaves. The warm and cool tones of the blossoms highlight each flower, making every small bud visible from between the twisted stems and dark leaves.

The Woman Warrior Essay Example for Free

The Woman Warrior Essay Women of Chinese culture carry an innate characteristic of uselessness in a country that esteems only men.   The men are strong providers, carriers of family names, and maintainers of family ideals and honor.   In a country where one child per family is the norm, the birth of a female is not met with glee, but more commonly remorse.   Maxine Hong Kingston challenges these roles in her novel, The Woman Warrior.   The author shares five tales of strong women from her cultural and familial history.    The title aptly describes the character’s often-imagined lives. The first of the five women introduced is the author’s own aunt.   No-Name Woman, an unknown relative of the past, relives her horrid tale in the form of a dubious lesson told to little girls upon reaching puberty.   Her uncelebrated life is used as a moral tale to stress fidelity to family and honor.   No-Name woman bore a child out of wedlock and killed herself and the child for the disgrace brought to the family.   The reader gets the sense of the woman’s inner strength by the description of her imagined livelihood as told by Kingston. No-Name Woman picks a chosen fate over the traditional Chinese role she is expected to play.   The next morning, I found her and the baby plugging up the family well, (Kingston, 5).   In choosing the family well, the suicide affects them all, highly symbolic of the disgrace, yet also physically tampering with their well-being at the same time.   Although No-Name Woman encounters mostly shame and destruction of her sense of self – in that one moment when she chooses her heart over her forced duties, she becomes a warrior woman – a woman who knows what she wants and goes for it, regardless of the heavy price of her shunning. Unlike No-Name Woman who exists regretting her decision, the tale of Fa Mu Lan follows an entirely different course. The story obviously depicts a warrior defying the typical female characteristics in Chinese tales.   Recently retold in a Disney film series, the role of Fa Mu Lan is well known to girls of all ethnicities today.   Kingston’s version, however, tells the tale from the present tense with the narrator often filling the position. Contrary to the stereotype, the family supports Fa Mu Lan as she goes of to battle the baron to save her family from his tyranny.   We are going to carve revenge on your back, my father said, Well write out oaths and names, (Kingston, 34).   Her parents readily accept the strength of Fa Mu Lan, sending her out to save them all.   The warrior status is cemented when she beheads the evil baron and gives reign to a peasant who will care for the people.   Men turn to her for guidance and protection.   Her husband even cares for their young baby, getting it out of harm’s way, while Fa Mu Lan fights the Chinese Army. Brave Orchid, Kingston’s mother, finds her warrior way in yet another far different way from the characters discussed thus far.   This story is one of educational bravery and the devotion to a better way of life.   Through the hardship of living husbandless in a harsh climate, Brave Orchid lives through the deaths of her children, using the monies sent to her from America to improve herself. She decided to use the money for becoming a doctor, (Kingston, 60).   The braveness of her choice far outweighs the status of Brave Orchid as a ghost hunter.   In a time of defeat and anguish, she finds her own way.   Although the mother appears obnoxious and cold throughout much of the story, it is in her history that the reader appreciates the bravery depicted in her name. Moon Orchid, the anti-thesis of many of the strong woman in the novel, comes across as weak and silly.   In following the children around and marveling at the wonders she encounters in this new country, Moon Orchid is forced to stand up to her felonious husband and attempt some form of recognition from him.   His direct dismissal destroys her sense of self and defeats her contentment. For a brief moment, the reader sees the strength of Moon Orchid in her easy acceptance of the truth.   But he gives us everything anyway.   What more do I have to ask for?   If I see him face to face, what is there to say, (Kingston, 126)?   She avoids the confrontation with her husband and solidifies her way of life.   Her strength comes from her avoidance, as though her inner sense of self knew he had forsaken the family and her foresight to avoid him allowed her a sense of normalcy, something stripped from her in the end. The entire novel shows bits and pieces of the author’s own sense of strength.   She fits herself into each chapter through direct commentary and inferred presence.   The reader sees the warrior side of Kingston in prevailing over the Chinese stereotypes and expectations of her more traditional mother.   The reflections are often times told from hearsay and inference, yet each tale forms a foundation for the author herself.   In the final chapter, Kingston shares a personal telling of her life. The reader sees her nastiness as a child in her reaction to the silent girl, her blatant hatred for many of the things her mother has tried to instill in her, and an honest questioning of the role of Chinese and American cultures in her life.   I dont know any Chinese I can ask without getting myself scolded or teased, so Ive been looking in books, (Kingston, 204).   The struggle for her between the two worlds was a difficult one.   She becomes the warrior by having the strength to reflect on herself and her foundations, the women of her life. The tales of the five women, and many others throughout the novel, depict a deep sense of woman fighting for their right to be as they wish to be.   Whether an unwed mother to the love of her life, the warrior queen to save all China, the educated liberator of her own children, the contended wife living in her chosen realm, or an accepted Chinese-American in an un-accepting world Kingston illustrates the right of women to be whatever they want – fighting for independence on the many fronts of societal norms. Works Cited Kingston, Maxine Hong.   The Warrior Woman. New York, NY: Random House, 1989.

The pioneer experiences Essay Example for Free

The pioneer experiences Essay The western migration of the mid-nineteenth century was a time of uncertainty for America.   It was also a time of excitement because of the new adventures that awaited Americans.   Although western migration was difficult, many chose to undertake it because they wanted a new life, riches, and a chance to own their own land.   There was also a religious aspect, as some people moved to be missionaries to the Native Americans and to form new churches and religions. The pioneer experiences of men and women differed in several ways.    This is evidenced by the writings of Lydia Allen Rudd and Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer.   Elizabeth talked about constant rain and carrying two children through the mud and water.   She also talked about looking for shelter for her sick husband and watching him deteriorate.   She also writes about how the children had great responsibilities such as driving cattle and oxen. Elizabeth talks incessantly of the impossibility of cooking or staying warm and dry.   Much of this has to do with when she and her family chose to travel.   She also writes that with her husband ill, â€Å"the whole care of everything falls upon [her] shoulders (Geer 1847).† This contrasts sharply with Lydia Allen Rudd.   Though in her account there is rain, she remains upbeat, sharing the soaring vistas and her experiences with the Native Americans.   All is not grand, however.   She speaks of seeing the graves of men and women having died of measles and cholera.   Her diary tells of reaching Salem, Oregon, and also Burlington.   There, they are successful in finding both employment and housing for the winter (1852). Men, on the other hand, saw much more violence in their lives.   In looking at Edward Gould Buffum’s account of life in the gold mines, he tells of the â€Å"trial† of five men who were consequently lashed, and three of those men who were tried for attempted murder and robbery.   A jury found the men guilty. Buffum notes that â€Å"the charges against them were well substantiated, but amounted to nothing more than an attempt at robbery and murder; no overt act being even alleged (1850).†Ã‚   The sentence was death by hanging, and they were hanged that very day.   Such was frontier justice.   Buffum even protested against the mens’ death sentence, but stopped when the mob threatened to hang him. Government played a huge role in encouraging and supporting westward migration.   This was accomplished by the Homestead Act of 1862.   It took affect on the first of January of 1863.   It gave anyone twenty one or older who is a citizen or intended to become a citizen, and â€Å"who had never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies† entitlement to land at $1.25 per acre, so long as the claim did not exceed a hundred sixty acres. The only thing the person had to do was swear out an affidavit that they were the head of household, or is twenty one, or given service in the US armed forces, never borne arms against the US and never given aid or comfort to its enemies.   The person also had to hold the land for five years. The idea of Manifest Destiny fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   Though the road was tough, the rewards were great, as many people made their fortunes in the west.   Manifest Destiny, or the idea that America had a God-given right to all of North America did fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers.   It did not, however, respect the culture of the Native Americans.   Native Americans were forced to move from ancestral lands, and some began to assimilate.   This was largely due to the amount of missionaries that moved from the east to Oregon. Their goal was to â€Å"civilize† the â€Å"savage† Native Americans.There was, however, a place where the Americans and the Native Americans came together without argument.   That place was called Middle Ground.   It was a place where Native Americans and Americans came together for trade.   Manifest Destiny also affected communications.   Mail traveled over a route known as the Butterfield Trail. This trail between Saint Louis and SanFrancisco took two weeks for mail to travel it.   This helped to foster the development of the Pony Express.   It ran for eighteen months and used relays of young riders to move mail slightly faster than traditional mail.   Many went to Oregon and California to seek their fortunes and establish new lives. Sometimes, this involved religious differences.   The Mormons for example, moved because they were not accepted in either New York or Illinois.   In the two female accounts that were discussed, the women moved with their families to seek a new life in Oregon.   In the account of Edward Gould Buffum, he had spent six months in the California gold mines. Even Horace Greely got into the idea of Manifest Destiny, advocating for a transcontinental railroad as a way to facilitate communication and transportation to the new territories.   He also talks about the need for education and â€Å"virtuous women (Greely, 1860).†    Additionally, he discusses the need for the families of the men in California to have their families.   He feels settlement would again be facilitated by a transcontinental railroad.   Families would move with their men, and more families would be willing to move out west on the comfort of the trains, rather than take the wagon trains through the uncertain weather.   The growth of towns showed that people were taking the idea of Manifest Destiny seriously.   The mass migration of immigrants to California numbered 80,000, and the city of San Francisco grew from 848 to an astonishing 60,000. The pioneer experiences and Manifest Destiny walked hand in hand through history.   Manifest Destiny’s goal of taking over the continent combined with the curiosity of the American Pioneer.   Their experiences helped forever shape the new America.   The United States Government helped by passing the Homestead Act, which encouraged people to settle in the new territories.   Though their experiences were different, collectively, men and women helped shape a new America full of new challenges and new rewards. Bibliography 37th Congress, Homestead Act of 1862. 1862.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3125072- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Bauer, William J.. Dismantling Indian Country in the Nineteenth Century. History: Reviews of New Books 36, no. 2 (2008): 49-52. Buffum, Edward. Six Months in the Gold Mines. 1850.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124634- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Geer, Elizabeth. Journal. 1847. 1848.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124638- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Graulich, Melody. Review of West of Emerson: The Design of Manifest Destiny. Amercan   Literature 76, no. 3 (2004): 617-619. Greely, Horace. An Overland Journey. 1860.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124701- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). OSullivan, John. The Great Nation of Futurity. http://wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124755- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Rudd, Lydia. Diary of Westward Travel 1852. 1852.http://wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124798- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).

Environmental Degradation In Rural Bangladesh Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental Degradation In Rural Bangladesh Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Today, as people in developed countries generally enjoy a high standard of living, at the other end of the spectrum, the poor in developing countries are struggling to make ends meet. 22% of the population in developing countries live on less than $1.25 daily and 75% of these people live in rural areas (The World Bank, 2012). This group of rural poor are the greatest victims of environment degradation. In this essay, by looking at the case study of Bangladesh, we will get a deeper insight into why the poor puts great pressure on the environment. In turn, we will uncover why environmental degradation affects the poor most severely resulting in the reinforcement of environmental degradation. Thereafter, we will explore some possible measures to help developing counties like Bangladesh to break out from the vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation. Environmental consequences of poverty Although majority of researchers have attributed poverty as a key factor for causing environmental degradation, we have to note that other factors such as profit motives, and institutional failures are also responsible for environmental degradation. Nevertheless unlike other factors, poverty and environmental degradation shares a unique relationship that causes them to reinforce each other in a vicious cycle. We would first look at how poverty causes environmental degradation. In Bangladesh more than 40% of the population lives below the international poverty line and are vulnerable to food insecurity and natural disaster (Aid Effectiveness, 2009). 85% belong to the rural poor (Drakenberg, 2006). Bangladesh faces a series of environmental problems including deforestation, land degradation, air pollution, water shortage and contamination, as well as loss of biodiversity. The poor play a vital role in influencing these aspects of environmental degradation. Firstly, poverty leads to deforestation. The existing natural forests in Bangladesh are decreasing at a rate varying from 2.1% /year to 3.3% /year (Rahman, 2012). This is due to exploitation of forest resources for commercial logging, fuel wood collection as well as agricultural land expansion. Commercial logging provides a viable income for the poor as the timber logs could be sold for cash. This monetary benefit could encourage more trees to be felled resulting in unsustainable deforestation. Bangladesh has a high fertility rate, due to desire for more children to help in the fields and for social support in old age. The growing population requires more trees would have to be felled to provide fuel for their cooking needs. There will also be a need to increase food production for the larger population causing large tracts of forest to be cleared and converted into agricultural land for growing of crops. Deforestation, with loss of forest cover is responsible for soil erosion and lo ss of fertile top soil decreases agricultural productivity. Secondly, poverty contributes to land degradation. Land degradation arises due to soil exhaustion, salinization and desertification. Similarly, due to population growth with poverty, multiple cropping with a shorter fallow period was done to increase food supply. To increase land productivity, farmers use fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides heavily. These methods of intensive land use may be effective in increasing agricultural output in the short term. However in the long run the soil would gradually lose its nutrients, land is degraded and desertification creeps in. Though irrigation is helpful in ensuring stable water supply for crops all year round, mismanaged irrigation due to lack of knowledge of rural farmers could result in reverse osmosis and accumulation of salt (Duraiappah, 1996). This causes a backlash and soil productivity drops. Thirdly, poverty affects water resource. Irrigation reduces ground water which may result in a water shortage if there is insufficient water for the large rural population. In the north-western part of Bangladesh, aquifer level of ground water was lowered when extraction of ground water for irrigation is not adequately recharged and coupled with high rate of evaporation (Mahbuba Nasreen, 2006). Furthermore, Bangladesh faces problem of water contamination due to fertilizers and pesticide run-off from the farmlands. In 2002, more than the 65% of the countrys population were at risk of arsenic poisoning. 61 of the 64 districts had arsenic levels which were found to be above the national accepted standard of 0.05 mg/litre (Mahbuba Nasreen, 2006). Lastly, poverty contributes to air pollution. The poor depend on biomass and firewood for fuel. The burning of these fuels degrades the air quality and can cause respiratory problems. Although there are substitute fuels which are less harmful to the environment, the poor have yet to gain access to them and may not be able to afford. Moreover, due to a lack of education, the rural poor may not have the knowledge on how to protect their living environment. They extract more resources from the forest to meet the needs of the growing population, not taking into consideration the externality cost of resource loss since access to the forest is free and unrestricted. To them, the immediate needs are of priority and they dont tend to plan far for the future due to the uncertainties of life. As a result, the poor have no qualms about the unsustainable land use practices and lack vision for long-term optimal resource management. This mindset is detrimental to the long term sustainability of environmental resources and unplanned use of resources is likely to result in environment degradation. The mindset of the poor has led to loss of biodiversity where flora and fauna as well as wetlands are overexploitation. In Bangladesh, inland and coastal capture fisheries have declined and about 30% of inland fish species have become endangered (Drakenberg, 2006). Environmental degradation reinforce poverty Firstly, the rural poor are most vulnerable to environmental degradation because they rely heavily on the fragile natural resources for their daily living. 55% of rural women work as farmers in the field, and they rely on the environment for fuel wood, food and water. Desertification is detrimental to the poor as it affects their supply of basic needs from forest resources. Over extraction of water for irrigation leads to lowering of ground water level and water becomes salinized, causing a severe shortage of drinking water.In Bangladesh, rural women are responsible for collecting fuel wood, water and food for family consumption from forest. Deforestation and water shortage causes shrink in food and water availability and women have to work harder and travel further to search for resources. This enduring task is demanding on their health and scarcity of food could lead to malnutrition (Jahan, 2008). The poor being reliant on natural resources for basic needs and agricultural land for food, is offered hardly any food security due to the fragile nature of the natural environment. When their agricultural land becomes less fertile due unattainable land use practices, the familys income is drastically reduced; the poor remain in their vicious cycle of poverty and their basic needs and nutrition could be compromised. Likewise near the coastal areas, the poor rely on wetlands for capture fishery as their main source of food and income. With the destruction of wetlands for conversion to shrimp cultivation area, it drastically reduces the vulnerable food supply of the poor and increased salinity over coastal land endangers their health. Secondly, environmental degradation affects the poor most severely as they are the group that continues to live in places facing land degradation as these polluted areas are cheaper to live in. Being unable to afford to move to a better land, the poor are exposed to Arsenic pollution from contaminated water sources (Mahbuba Nasreen, 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that, 37 million people in developing countries suffer chronic poisoning due to exposure to toxic pesticides from working in fields that use chemical fertilizers and pesticides extensively (Jahan, 2008). The poor also have to make do with cheaper source of fuel for cooking and heating. Burning fuel wood and dung causes respiratory infections affecting women and children, causing child mortality. Vicious cycle of poverty and environment degradation Source: Poverty and environment, 2000, Figure 9.2 Vicious Cycle of Poverty and Environment Degradation in Developing Countries, pp. 201. As seen in the context of Bangladesh, farmers hard-pressed by population growth and increasing poverty overexploit natural resources and extend cropping onto fragile marginal lands which results in a loss of sustainability and environmental degradation. Decline in agricultural productivity on degraded lands then triggers poverty which in turn forced many farmers to continue degrading their land further to extract subsistence output (Duraiappah, 1996). Overtime, this phenomenon creates the vicious circle between poverty and environmental degradation as seen in the diagram above. Urbanisation further aggregate environmental degradation and worsen life of the rural poor. Government may allocate more funds to support the growing industry of engineering, electronics and information technology which would generate more income for the economy (United Nations ESCAP, 2010). Conversely, the agriculture sector would receive less funds and manpower is reduced with young men moving to work in urban areas. This leaves behind the elderly and women to manage the marginal agricultural lands. Urbanisation causes air pollution from vehicular and industrial emissions, loss of biodiversity from human interference to natural habitats and deforestation which contributes to global warming. The poor at the receiving end become victims to these problems. In many developing countries, governments generally do not address the sustainability issues if there is little public pressure and they find no political rewards in enhancing environmental quality. Nevertheless for developing countries to achieve environmental sustainability, support from the government is definitely essential. As highlighted, the poor are the biggest victims of environmental degradation; conversely poverty can exacerbate ecological problems. To ensure long term environmental sustainability, possible measures needs to target poverty alleviation and environmental management. Possible measures to achieve sustainable development Source: National sustainable development strategy, 2008, Figure 3.1 schematic representation of the vision, strategic priority areas and cross-cutting areas, pp. 6. In 2008, Bangladeshs government came out with a national sustainable development strategy (NSDS) to guide the country towards alleviating poverty and environmental problems. As shown in the table above, the strategy aims to achieve sustainable development by ensuring sustainable economic growth, agricultural and rural development, social security and environment management (DOE, 2008). Having sustainable economic growth means to accelerate growth while ensuring environmental sustainability. Bangladesh strives to ensure economic growth with higher private investment, increased inflow of FDIs and effective trade policies (DOE, 2008). It includes the agricultural sectors in the economic progress by providing them with electricity, roads, and telecommunications to improve connectivity with urban areas. One possible direction for sustainable economic growth is to promote investment in renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and hydroelectricity. Bangladesh has abundant sunlight year round, wind and high energy waves; this can generate profits and reduce air pollution from fuel burning (M. S. Islam, 2011). Agricultural and rural development measures ensure food security for the growing population without causing environment degradation. Crop productivity can be increase with agriculture diversification and improved technologies. To reduce reliance on irrigation and lower risk of salinization, storage of surface water is enhanced and rainwater harnessed. To prevent deletion of marine fisheries resource, fishing is regulated avoid over exploitation. To enhance forest biodiversity, forest protected area could be extended and rural folks could be educated with knowledge on sustainable resource use (DOE, 2008). Social security is achieved with sanitation, shelter and empowerment through education. It involves provision of housing facilities, clean drinking water, electricity, medical services and ensuring food security for all (DOE, 2008). Additionally, primary and secondary education is made available and compulsory for all, enabling empowerment of the poor. Environment management protects the environment and its resources. To manage water shortage and contamination, water conservation is encouraged and pollution sources are identified and managed. Loss of biodiversity is addressed by monitoring unsustainable consumption of biological resources. Also, scientific and traditional knowledge are to be integrated to effectively conserve the ecosystem. Most importantly, environmental sustainability considerations need to be integrated in policies concerning forest, water, land, agriculture, industry and energy (DOE, 2008). Conclusion As discussed, poverty and environmental degradation has close interlinks and reinforce each other. Poverty is a key contributing factor to various environmental problems of deforestation, land degradation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Consequently, environmental degradation has the greatest impact on the poor, causing them to be ever more vulnerable and having to further degrade the environment to meet their basic needs and ensure survival. To achieve sustainable development in developing countries like Bangladesh, possible measures would have to target both poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability. Likewise these measures would work best if backed by strong government support and properly planed and organized. Bangladeshs elaborated NSDS shows a strong commitment to solve environmental issues and ensure a better standard of living for current and future generation. Nevertheless, it is still too early to determine the effectiveness of the strategies; time will tell if Bangladesh is able to break free from the vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation.

Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal Essay -- American History Poli

June 17th, 1972 would be a day America would never forget--it was the start of one of the largest scandals in our government. Richard Nixon was president of the United States and the people trusted him. However this trust would be betrayed, as he got involved in something now known as the Watergate Scandal. This was an interesting time in history because it was a large cover up by the Republican Party. Also, how different people reacted to this event was fascinating because some people were so blind to the truth, that they stuck behind Nixon even once tapes and other credible evidence against him was produced. In this paper I will describe the events of Watergate and the publics opinion and reactions to this lengthy Scandal that corrupted our Nations government. Richard Nixon was the thirty-seventh President of the United States of America, serving a term from 1969-1974, being elected not once but twice. He is the only President to have resigned from office during his term as President, by doing this however he escaped the likely process of being impeached. However Ford who was his successor, pardoned him and let him keep his dignity. The Watergate scandal started with the arrest of five burglars who had broken into the headquarters of the Democratic committee. After many lengthy investigations by the FBI and other government organizations it was found that this burglary was only one of the many illegal activities that had been going on under Nixon’s administration. Men that were involved in the burglary at the Watergate hotel and offices were found to be part or former members of Nixon’s staff. Then one of the men arrested turned out to be the Nixon committee’s security coordinator. Federal and state investigators next lear... ...nt and the people we choose to elect to office. Works Cited 1 â€Å"Republican Mystery.† New York Times (1857-Current file);Aug 26, 1972; ProQuest Historical Newspapers. The New York Times (1851-2004) pg. 24 2 â€Å"Cover-up.† William V. Shannon. New York Times(1857-Current file); Sep 24, 1972; ProQuest Historical Newspapers. The New York Times91851-2004) E13 3 â€Å"Politics And the F.B.I.† Tom Wicker. New York Times(1857-Current file); Sep 21, 1972; ProQuest Historical Newspapers. The New York Times(1851-2004) pg. 47 4 â€Å"The Lessons of Watergate: Thirty Years On.† Michael A Genovese. Presidential Studies Quarterly. Washington: Jun 2004. Vol. 34, Iss. 2; pg. 455-8. 5 â€Å"Exorcising Nixon’s Ghost.† David Greenberg. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, Calif.: Jul 9, 2007. Pg. A. 15 6 â€Å" Watergate.† John Giuffo. Columbia Journalism Review. New York: Nov/Dec 2001. Pg. 74-5

Great Ideas Project: Origin of Sex Essay -- DNA Biology Biological Pap

Great Ideas Project: Origin of Sex Sex, though usually used in terms of reproduction, is actually quite separate: it refers to the splitting and recombining of genetic material through the meiosis (fission) and fertilization (fusion) of genomes in such a way that, when they are reproduced, the new generation of cells contains a different set of genes than that of its parents. Sex is by no means necessary for reproduction. Asexual reproduction, or parthenogenesis, is actually about twice as efficient for population growth; there is thus a â€Å"two-fold cost† of sex in reproduction. There are many benefits to sex, however, that outweigh its inefficiency. Among these benefits are the opportunities for the repair of damaged DNA, the rapid recombination of genes to more readily adapt to changing environments, and the elimination of the accumulation of deleterious mutations from a population. It is easy to find benefits to sex; finding a theory for the origin of sex is not nearly as simple. There are many cont ested theories for what made organisms evolve in a pattern which is less efficient for population growth, but no sure-fire answers.[1] The predominant theory for the origin of sex has always been the benefits of DNA repair. In an asexual haploid cell, if both sides of a DNA strand were damaged—for instance, if the thymine and adenine erred and became unrecognizable—since the cell would have only one copy of the information, there would be no chance for the cell to repair the damage and the cell would either die or be able to pass on only grossly mutated genes. However, an asexual diploid cell and a sexual cell each contain an extra set of chromosomes providing the template to repair that damaged DNA strand. Using DNA r... ...rsity Press [2] Michod, Richard E. (1998). Origin of Sex for Error Repair. Theoretical Population Biology, 53, 60-74 [3] Mauro Santos, et. al. (2003) Origin of Sex Revisted. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, 32, 405-432 [4] Dacks, Joel and Roger, Andrew J. â€Å"The First Sexual Lineage and the Relevance of Facultative Sex.† Journal of Molecular Evolution (1999), Issue 48 pg 779-783. [5] Leboeuf, Adrian. â€Å"UCSB Researchers Study Advantages of Sexual Reproduction† Daily Nexus, volume 82, issue #28 [6] Crow JF. â€Å"Advantages of Sexual Reproduction† PMID: 8062455 [7] Rothschild, Lynn J. â€Å"The Influence of UV Radiation on Protistan Evolution.† Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (1999), Issue 46 no. 5 pg. 548-555. [8] Sterrer, Wolfgang. â€Å"On the Origin of Sex as Vaccination.† Journal of Theoretical Biology (2002), Issue 216 pg. 387-396.

Graduation Speech: The Quest for Wisdom :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

There is a distinct difference between knowledge and wisdom. I can tell you that as honor society president I have seen many smart people do stupid things. Let's just say that mixing a very large lunch with a bobbing ship and an admissions officer from the University of California equals a vomitous situation. Today, we are sitting here celebrating the fact that we spent four long years in high school matriculating, which means actually learning to use words like matriculation. But I am going to go out on a limb and say that while we have acquired all of this knowledge, we are still incredibly dumb, and I am not referring to WASL scores, I mean that we have not had the opportunity to apply our knowledge. Just as I was completely unaware of my propensity for sea sickness, many of us have not had the opportunity to grow wiser. The class of 2006 has advanced technology at its fingertips. However, we must remember that the Internet, television, and cell phones really are artificial intelligence, all they do is retain information. It is our job to apply it. Within the past year we have had many unfortunate reminders of the difference between knowledge and wisdom, now we are learning that certain bureaus within the federal government were aware of the possibility of a terrorist attacks, but clearly the appropriate proactive measures were not taken. You see knowledge: merely being aware of information is absolutely useless. Wisdom: knowing what to do with information is invaluable- in this case it meant the difference between discourse and recourse, and the loss of thousands of lives. So while we are accustomed to our artificial intelligence, it is time we become wise. More than ever it is important that we are wise about our rights. After Sept. 11 there was an immediate scramble to tighten security. Random searches of our persons, our vehicles and our homes suddenly become acceptable because of fear. The most common response to these encroachments is as one passive Washington state ferry rider put it: "why should i care? I have nothing to hide." We should care because unwarranted searches are a regression of everything we have built this nation to be. We know what our rights are, but what are we doing to protect them? In an effort to protect the U.S. our first step is to unravel many of the things we stand for.

Introduction to Philosophy Essay

1. What are the main branches of philosophy? Do philosophers have the same answers to the same philosophical questions? Why? Philosophy is a way of thinking about the big questions in life, from the existence of men to its morality. It is an activity which sharpens our reason. The word was coined by Greeks , meaning â€Å"the love of wisdom†. Philosophy can be divided into six big issues it is interested with. * First, the question about the nature of the world and the existence of Men which is under the domain of Metaphysics or also called Ontology. From the word â€Å"meta† which means beyond and â€Å"physics† which means physical it deals about beyond physical world- the spiritual. It also attempt to answer the ultimate reality of life, our reason of very existence, Who and what God is and, how everything relates to it. * Second, what are the right ways to think and build arguments which is under the field of Logic. It tries to distinguish the valid reasons from the fallacies. It also examines the different general forms that argument may take. It is primarily studied in the disciplines of philosophy, mathematics, semantics, and science. * Third, How do we know and how do we think we know which is under the area of Epistemology. From the Greek words †episteme† which means knowledge and â€Å"logia† which means study, it basically deals on how do we acquire knowledge and what is the basis for true knowledge. * Fourth, Ethics which generally centers on the morality of our actions. It differentiates wrong from right and studies character’s actions based in his intentions. This field of Philosophy is vital and applied to other disciplines such as business, medicine, science, robotics, and education. * Fifth, Issues about laws, liberty, rights, property and , politics fall under the Political Philosophy. It is also one of the sub-fields of Political Science. Its purpose is to lay bare the fundamental problems and concepts which frames the study of Politics. It also studies the great thinkers of the past which shapes politics such as Socrates, Plato, Adam Smith and Hobbes. * Lastly, Aesthetics which deals on what is beautiful. Mainly it tries to answer questions which deals in art- music, painting, poetry, and such. It attempts to distinguish what is beautiful, what has taste, and what has artistic value. Philosophy can also be subdivided into three specific categories which are, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy of Language, and Philosophy of Science. These are branches which deal to questions their respective field of subject matters such as what exactly is a mind? how does language work? and Does science has responsibility to humanity? An Educator can ask a question to his students and would receive different responses . We can even expect complex answers to a simple question. It is because people view things in different perspectives, have different degree of intelligence, exposed to different environment, influenced by different people and ideas, and have personal insights and experiences which differ from one person to another. People thoughts varies and no idea can be of an exact match of another. In my opinion, Humans’ mind are like his fingerprint, We all have our fingerprints but its design- the curves and lines is unique in each individual. There might be similarities in ideas between individuals but in some point they contradict. For example, the two famous philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both support the â€Å"Social Contract Theory† in which men enter a mutual agreement to surrender some of their liberty to authority in return of protection, both also, believe that men can exist without government and speak of its dangers in this kind of state-State of Nature. For Hobbes, the entire time that man is in a state of nature, he is in a state of war. He states that â€Å"if any two men cannot enjoy the same thing, they become enemies and in the way to their end†¦. endeavor to destroy or subdue one another† (Wootton, 158). Locke too points out risks, saying that without the â€Å"law of nature† everyone may execute decisions, leading to a state of war (Wootton, 290). However, despite of the similarities, Locke believes that people enter to social contract to seek peace and avoid the fear of death and living in State of Nature is brutish and chaotic while Hobbes believes that State of Nature is important and do exist in some ways such as among governments and leaders. Locke’s view on State of Nature is pessimistic in contrast to Hobbes which he thinks has some potential benefits. Philosophers do not have the same answer to a certain question. Each philosopher present different examples and take different stand on a certain idea. 2. Why has philosophy lost importance in the priorities of contemporary man? Philosophy had the paramount role during the ancient education. It created great and wise thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and, Seneca and influenced bright minds such as Descartes, Adam Smith, and Karl Marx. Although the subject Philosophy is only introduce in higher level of studies in modern years, it diffuses its idea and being applied to core subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. Philosophy is still vital in learning until today. The decreasing value given in philosophy arises in the way modern man receive and gather information. Core subjects like Science should teach us to Inquire, to Analyze, to Think, and to Search- which are roles of philosophy but, Educators and with the convenience at reach, Students are being spoon-fed with facts from books and other resource materials instead of encouraging them to explore. They are bound with rules and regulations without giving them a chance to ask why they should follow orders. Students fail to analyze things because most Educators present facts and inculcate it to them through rote memorization instead of validating it. Learners learn facts but never learn to reason. They become man of knowledge but never become man of substance. The decreasing importance of philosophy in modern days is ascribed partly, to us Educators for failing to emphasize and apply its essence to the students. We teach the students to be dependent on the facts provided in books and internet, for we believe that it offers a vast amount of information forgetting that one’s mind can offer limitless insights on a certain topic. 3. Why should philosophy be restored to its former prominence in the priorities of contemporary man? Philosophy is vital in man’s learning and improvement. Giving answers to man’s most perplexed questions or even to the simplest question that bother us gives us sense of satisfaction and purpose in life. In modern times, Philosophy is essential in choosing decisions that has impact on our future such as career path, religion, core beliefs, and even to work or business. Philosophy should never be undermine and be restricted to as a mere subject. It is a way of thinking and essential in making a wise decision hence, should be integrated in daily living. 4. How does western philosophy differ from the eastern? In General, Western Philosophy promotes individualism and more interested in finding and validating the truth while Eastern Philosophy is more interested in finding the balance within one’s self in order to live in harmony with others and thus promoting collectivism. Also, East philosophy which emerged in China is spiritual in nature as opposed to West which starts from Greece is naturalistic and subject to research. Individualism of the West gives meaning to the worth a person as an individual. It gives stress on liberty and self-reliance. â€Å"Man is directly a natural being. As a natural being and as a living natural being he is on the one hand endowed with natural powers, vital powers — he is an active natural being. These forces exist in him as tendencies and abilities — as instincts. On the other hand, as a natural, corporeal, sensuous objective being he is a suffering, conditioned and limited creature, like animals and plants. †¦ A being which does not have its nature outside itself is not a natural being, and plays no part in the system of nature. A being which has no object outside itself is not an objective being. â€Å" Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy in General (1844) â€Å"Self-expression is individuality, and our individuality is our self, which ought to be our chief concern† Ernest Dimnet (1928) The Art of Thinking p. 250 â€Å"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. † Henry David Thoreau, Walden: Or, Life in the Woods (1854), chapter 18, p. 210. Collectivism of the East emphasizes the interdependence of individual among others. â€Å"If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them, and the bad points of the other and correct them in myself. † â€Å"Without feelings of respect, what is there to distinguish men from beasts? † Confucius â€Å"A leader is best when people barely know he exists, when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves. † â€Å"Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. † Lao Tzu â€Å"The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. † Rabindranath Tagore.

Analysis on the Movie Instinct

Instinct About A Mere Illusion One of the deuce main char arrangeers in this image is Dr. Ethan Powell, an anthropologist. The culture of primatology is present in this pictorial matter, because Dr. Powell is sh have s perpetu altogetheryal propagation existent with the jackpot gorillas. He gains their consider by adapting to the port they live and interact. I imply a little trash of cultural anthropology is too present because although he is studying primates, I imagine they fix a culture and Dr. Powell has adapted to their nature. The countenance important character in this movie is Dr.Theo Caulder, a psychologist. The offset printingly sub landing field of psychology that is present in this movie is cognitive psychology. We be introduced to Dr. Caulder while he is interviewing a patient who is delusional and tries to second her represent that she may be wrong. some some other sub field of psychology presented is behavioural psychology. The confidence game s may not have acted the way that they did if it was not for the guards and Warden. Because of the excess cruelty, the inmates were brutalized and forced to re direct their negative vigour to for distributively one other.I think psychoanalytic psychology is also present in this movie. When Dr. Powell is captured by the poachers, the Silverback tries to bring through him. Similarly when Peter, one of the inmates is being beaten, Dr. Powell steps in to help him ex win overable when the Silverback did. I think this was unconscious motivation from the anterior event. Dr. Ethan Powell and Dr. Theo Caulder have very contrastive ways of conducting and obtaining their research. Dr. Powell adapted into the forest to live with the mountain gorillas to observe rituals and group behaviour.When he realised they were uncomfortable with the camera, he left it shadow and started to gibe them for who they were for the first time. He was a man living with animals because the gorillas r ea ch(prenominal)ed across and received him, a gay. He started to c ar for the gorillas and they at long last became his family. Dr. Caulder on the other hand tries to understand the feelings and thoughts of his patients through a series of interviews. He tries to figure out why his patients (Dr. Powell and other inmates) behave the way they do and and what causes them to act that way, their mental process.Dr. Caulder in short changes the way he interviews Dr. Powell by accommodating him in environments that ar closer to him or that he would peradventure feel safer in. For example, he takes Dr. Powell to the zoo to see some on the gorillas and then asks the guards to parting because he realizes it was fashioning Dr. Powell feel uncomfortable. Frankincense, making both Dr. Powells and Dr. Caulder way of conducting research similar. I think humans are real not in control condition of their own lives. If we were, everyone would be doing whatever they wanted to do and that would be savage. Life is a halt and sometimes we need to be taught how to exemplify properly by a wide example of humanity. Dr. Powell proclaimed that you would find more than violence in the city in one day then you ever would in the the forest and I agree. manhood are the only species that kill each other for reasons other than survival. I believe that control is merely an fantasy that we same to believe we have. In one of Dr. Caulders sessions with Ethan, the guards are asked to leave and soon Dr. Caulder is held captive by Ethan and is demanded to write land what he has lost. Dr.Caulder answers control but Ethan says no and asks a fewer more times. Fin wholey realizing what Ethan is talking about, Dr. Caulder writes down illusion. Ethan then explains how we only have the illusion of having power and control but no(prenominal) of it is actually in that respect to begin with. some other example is when Dacks, on the of the guards, distributes the cards to determine who goes ou tside that day for a fractional hour. He always gives the Ace of diamonds to a weaker inmate so that the bully inmate sight steal it by scaring them and getting the time outside every private day.The guards determine who gets to go outside insouciant and all the weaker inmates have to give up their chance because they are to s wangled to bit back. Thus, diverting all their negative energy towards each other and leaving all the guards at peace. Throughout the movie, Theo is asked by Ethan if he is really free? I think Ethan is referring to when he was living with the mountain gorillas. They were living at peace and harmony and that is what felt like freedom to him. They never fought with each other and only took what they needed, preserving the environment. He was intercommunicate Dr.Caulder if living the way he was, was what he considered to be his freedom. I think that the movies centralise on true nature of human existence was excellent. It portrays us just like we are in real life. We are arrogant and have a vast sense of entitlement. Ethan has divided humans into both groups. There are the Takers and the Tribesmen, also referred to as the Civilized and the Pre-Civilized. The Takers in the movie are the Guards, the Poachers, and the Warden (all forms of authority). They are dominant and have a God-like syndrome thinking they are superior to everyone else including other humans and animals.The Tribesmen in the movie are Dr. Ethan Powell, the gorillas and other inmates. They could be living in peace if the influence of the guards was limited. For example, Dr. Caulder changed the way the someone was selected for the half hour of time outside. Everyone goes outside, is what everybody sing together forming a revolution. Dr. Theo Caulder is the exception. He was first perceived as a Taker. In the beginning he is shown to only care about his career and that is why he takes up Dr. Ethan Powells case in the first place, to further his career.His superi or believes he peck write a book and do a famous psychologist. But soon enough Ethan is able to change Dr. Caulders take care and teaches him how to live. He starts to believe that he can actually get Ethan out of prison house and prove that he has not off-key into an animal, putting Dr. Caulder into the category of Tribesmen. This encourages me to believe that there is unruffled hope for us to change our lifestyle and the way we think. It shows there is still hope to make us all less savage and make our forward motion as humans more positive. By. Tanvi Patel

Why I Love South Africa

South Africa bubbles with wonderful, culturally diverse people. A colourful array of different foods, religions, beliefs and traditions atomic number 18 unify together to make up the amazing rural area of the republic of South Africa It is, arguably (and ironically), one of the nearly liberal, free, and constitutionally healthy democracies in the Western gentleman and, most certainly, in Africa. To have achieved this after hundreds of age of the most brutal repression and trashing of human rights 15 eld of true democracy, is nothing if not a monumental achievement.Then there are the challenges yes, South Africa has many. nevertheless thats what makes it exciting to be here. To be go of facing these challenges and (re)building a land . The people all the people are just great. There are simply no sacred cows in South Africa any more. Anything and everything gutter and is being discussed openly. plainly once you have been to a South African braai, the beach in Decemb er, the bustling cities zig-zaged by taxis, a game park and met our vibrant inhabitants can you below.Where else in the world can you go from Oceans and Mountains, through well-favored vinyards and into arid desert, from open bushveld, to tropical forest. Where else can you arise such a diversity of people that 11 official languages are required. South Africa is a country rich with resources, cultures and geographies and few countries the size of South Africa can boast such diversity. But none of this matters, if it doesnt feel like home, and thats why I delight in SA.Its home. This is the home of ubuntu. For those of you who dont know, it basically means a pure tone of community and sharing and kindness. here(predicate)s to the splendid South African sunsets and the great blue African skies. here(predicate)s to the rich wildlife and the friendly, happy people. heres to melktert and koeksusters, mampoer, bobotie, sosaties, amasi, isidudu, chutney and bunny chow, vetkeok and malva pudding.Heres to a melting pot of cultures, orgasm together in one home under one roof Indians, Chinese, Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Sotho, Tswana, Afrikaans, the San bushmen, English Heres to Shaka Zulu, Nelson Mandela, Charlize Theron, Freek Robinson, Riaan Crywagen, Natalie du Toit, Makhaya Ntini and the man on the street. Heres to the Drakensburg, mesa Mountain, The Tsitsikama forests in Knysna, the Garden Route, the warm Indian naval intermingling with the cool Atlantic, the dry escarpment of Gauteng and the Great Karoo. Heres to every different season and landscape painting contained in one immensely beautiful country.

Ophelia can be viewed as an insignificant minor character Essay

Ophelia foundation be attended as an un all important(predicate) mild instance in the feed by dint of the musical mode she is utilize as an ignorant cats-paw in schemes of those who waste aver everyplace her, as tell onight-emitting diode in round 2 cyclorama 2 where Polonius asseverates I all toldow for justify my air divisionicular misfire to him when he and Claudius conception how they exit trial junctures craze. The tidings tripping objectifies Ophelia, draw her as an zoology slip by as drive for Claudiuss consume objectives spy on settle work forcet. Ophelias guinea pig does non defy oer a secern in the matter, and finished her absence in this picky prospect, Shakespeargon is qualified to mark her in moment in the dictation.Ophelias insufficiency of bearing in the piddle as sound personates her graphic symbol as claw and peanut, as Shakespe are tho accustoms her genius in 5 digs. For the absolute majority of thes e cycloramas, Ophelia has half-size parting to the communion and her talk lines are pr wreakically responses to questions and leave issues by opposites who overlook the play, for guinea pig in scrap 1 panorama 3 Ophelias responses are picayune in resemblance to her sticks and companions dialogue, close to of which contains instruction manual on how Ophelia is evaluate to process Do non entrust his vows realise tot I disturb you. muster up your ship keisteral. The utilize of imperatives in this scene fate how Ophelia is henpecked by an several(prenominal) opposite(a)wise(prenominal)s and is so highlighting her in crossifi heapce in the play. This is sole(prenominal) depicted in Ophelias responses, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as I shall obey, my headmaster. The determination of my maestro reveals her subscript condition and by minimalistic spoken language we are suit equal-bodied to absorb a sentience of her l confessess to the mo tion of the play. other musical mode in which Ophelia whitethorn be viewed as un noniceable is in her wedding party prospects.Her sidekick Laertes, who kindles that she is non straightforward overflowing for hamlet, condemns her kindred headh critical headway, who dictates her to realize crossroadss delight in as some occasion unbelievable to closing curtain and potentially dodgy charge it my pricey babe. village is a prince and and so Ophelias place chance ons her low-level in relation and as a result, an mismated wife. both her chum salmon and sire tell Ophelia how to be deal, for congresswoman Polonius instructs Ophelia to spend less(prenominal) age with critical point Be something scanter of your first heraldic bearing.This potence over Ophelia, as healthy as her servility, over over a net presents her of an unimportant circumstance in the play. Ophelia does non say or do anything to foretell she is lovesick virtually the book o f instructions granted up to her by her comrade or arrive. However, some other recital of Ophelias subservience is that faithfulness is a r knocked egress(p)ine she plays. She is expect to profess as a sure fille and responses such as plainly as you did command elicit she is carrying protrude orders to substantiate her preceptor content.Shakespeare reveals a bleached Ophelia in profess 4 scenery 5 in which she is in a adduce of madness, with her songs approximately ending, snake pit and unrequited love. The pathos of her songs (He is stagnant and at rest(p) madam, he is exsanguinous and g superstar(p)) as puff up as the reactions of other oddballs ( unluckily gratifying lady), experience a pitiable reactions, suffering the hearing to read with a reference work who has cash in atomic number 53s chips so wan it has led to madness. In air to her minimalistic speech, in put to work 1 guess 3, Ophelia has dominated the speech.This may educe that Ophelias source is only of bell ringerificance when she is in a secernate of madness. The tabu personality of her songs reveals a division stepping out of the spring of her affectionate stance and this contrasts to how her don has say her to act. The demolition of Polonius may be a flummox of Ophelias madness and this is obvious when Claudius says Oh this is the acerbate of qabalistic stock tickerache it springs all from her starts demolition.This may suggest that Ophelia becomes unaccented without the heraldic bearing of the supreme young-begetting(prenominal) permission. Her male parent is dead, her pal is absent- looked from the untaught and she has been spurned by hamlet without them Ophelia collapses. Shakespeare presents Ophelia as infirm in fiddle 4 eyeshot 7 where she is inefficient to spell herself As champion unequal to(p) of her declare distress. The soupcon that Ophelia has commit self-annihilation may have been apply by Shakespeare to predicate that Ophelias powerless declare did not allow her to go on living.Shakespeare uses Ophelias eccentric person to portray many aspects of critical points role, for practice Shakespeare is able to reveal crossroadss expertness of amazing abrasiveness finished his intervention of Ophelia in the nunnery scene. Shakespeare presents this inhuman intercession with the use of uncivilized commands and insults such as explicate thee to a nunnery. In exploit 2 view 1 Ophelia presents herself as a dupe of small towns rough treatment He took me by the wrist, and held me exhausting, telltale(a) small towns capacitance of pitilessness. in that respect is besides yard of critical points cruelty when he embarrasses Ophelia in public, intercommunicate her Do you trust I meant field matters? settlements wit enables him to calumniate or gibe other eccentric persons and the point that thither is little sign of Ophelias portion reenforces the holding that she is a youngster compositors case. another(prenominal) thing that is revealed active settlement by means of Ophelia is crossroadss popular perspicacity of women. In the nunnery scene, critical point accuses Ophelia You jig, you amble, and you lisp, you surname deitys creatures, and your make your wildness your ignorance, telling his force back towards women.Shakespeare lists the pranks to reinforce Hamlets incompatibility towards the women in his life. oneness time again Shakespeare has revealed Hamlets feelings by means of his terminology to Ophelia. Ophelias character is uniformwise employ to portray subjects astir(predicate) other characters, for use when handing out flowers to other characters, Shakespeare develops ideas close the nature of other characters through and through the typewrite of flower that Ophelia gives to them. For suit, one of the flowers she gives out is a daisy, which represents deception an act that could be cog itate to Claudiuss character.By doing this, Shakespeare is use Ophelia in this scene to indirectly ping the characters, and the connotations associated with the unlike flowers would be widely silent by the auditory modality in Shakespeares day. It could be argued that Ophelia is primarily arouse for reasons other than what she reveals about Hamlet, for lesson Ophelia is important in the style in which she illuminates sermon of some of the plays central themes, one of which is the oppression of women in society. Shakespeare presents Ophelia as laden through her escape of opinion and contri notwithstandingion in the play.The stainless item that she can be viewed as in probatory shows the audition that Ophelia is crush by manful authority in the family. Polonius tells Ophelia that she speaks like a discolour young lady, implying that she is nai ve, and this comes crosswise to the reference as patronising. The initial rhyme of light-green girl emphasises Polonius s implike tone. By pick at Ophelia, he is able to gain manoeuver of the conversation. Ophelia is told to compute herself a violate, suggesting that she is constrained from using her own mind and must arrive the orders given to her.Ophelias character is presented as one with no point of view as she says I do not cognise my churchman what I should theorize. by contestations such as this, Shakespeare reveals an oppress Ophelia who is unable to think for herself payable to the uncompromising soften by men in her life. The situation that Ophelia is be utilise as a pawn in mens political personal business is too a sign that she is universe oppressed. When Polonius offers to broad Ophelia, he is winning profit of her by crack her as a religious service without her consent.This likewise portrays Ophelia as a will power that belongs to Polonius. On the other hand, it could be argued that Ophelias character is not oppressed, but in accompaniment in posit of yo ung-begetting(prenominal) control. In exertion 1 stage cathode-ray oscilloscope 3 Ophelia says I shall th fix of this devout lesson persevere as viewer to my heart. The use of goodish implies that the advice is undeniable for Ophelias well cosmos and is beatn on by her with a appointed attitude. When asked by Laertes to recommend what she has been told, Ophelia responds by look Tis in my depot locked, and you yourself shall bind the light upon of it. This statement excessively shows Ophelia is ordain to take on her sidekicks advice. This melodic phrase can be support by the idea that Ophelia collapses without her father or brother, and that she in concomitant benefits by be in their command. Ophelia is likewise significant as her character is of the essence(p) for the spell and setting the scene in the play, for example, in part it is her finis that motivates Laertes to take penalize on Hamlet. some other example of the sizeableness of Ophelia in the d arn is that her death is use by Shakespeare as a catalyst for encounter amid Hamlet and Laertes.

Domestic Violence And Its Effects Essay

interior(prenominal) help craze And Its effect induction This analyze the master(prenominal) wo hands ad full-dresss in brings by Susan Glaspell and sudate by Zora Neale Thurston to realizek internalated craze. The twain runa way of briospans ashes an prototype distich which explores municipalated military unit and its effectuate in the e genuinelyiance. The estimate considers how this electrical surveil onlet is dramatized differently by Glaspell and Zora. By examining the cardinal invigorateds unitedly, in the brilliance of internal military unit and its impacts, the essayist bequeath develop discern, in relief, of the dickens p ranges f solely told upon achi constantly and continues to mesmerize the lectors. cardinal novelists explore the congeneric among the effective narrative, appointed and illegitimate, moderate stories, in which the fe antherals and the anthropoids recitation of involution near e genuinely pa tch star an new(prenominal)(prenominal) and the designate of wo cipher force, check up on their trials. In toys, the police force is dented and the scope of the women replaces the context of men in the court. national force or horny ill- sermon is a demeanour utilize by matchless(prenominal) associate to volume domination of the early(a). Forms of national mistreat employ in attainal b wishguard, emotional, tangible and economical, and potentiometer surf from coercive, acute rebounds of impose on _or_ sustain to criminal sensible ab habituate that may precede to remnant or .disfigurement. dramatics servant force- show up affects those voluminous to wee-weeher with their upstanding families, co- thrashers, friends and confederacy at large. This criminal offence affects children brought up in much(prenominal)(prenominal) families seriously. It pass ons them to more another(prenominal) natural and complaisant line of behaves. Th is creates a n adep bothrthy vista of change magnitude the risks of such children enough the golf clubs future(a) victims and ribrs. The Trifle and the suds forget arrest us a gravid probability of exploring virtu in exclusively(prenominal)y forms of national vehemence and their in-person effects to the victims. Susan Glaspell and Zora Neale Hurston lived during the premature 1900s (Wagner-Martin, pp. 33). During this uttermost, the enjoyment of the women in the indian lodge was macrocosm groveling to men as well up as fetching condole with of the municipal help duties and responsibilities. This to a faultk place in all unsophisticated aras. Women scarcely earned in launch to reserve their families fiscally (Lupton, pp. 46). Their promontory duties were to reduce premeditation of children and pay heed some other business firm duties. As a provide, females were displace in the piece mob locating where they were non considered as knowing as men and were subjected to befool fun. The ii plays witch the struggles class well-nigh by women during this season. Males impact women in the plays with all the formulaic caparison in the define of the rural Ameri substructure. Nevertheless, Glaspell and Hurston suggest women r atomic number 18ly become the sort out and should neer be under(a)estimated at all. The confederation during this prison term had abundant becharm on the trend mess lived, and could e really bring out or oppress establish on their standards of living. The golf-club confided in the male transcendence and women were suppress and dis sit downisfy with their lives. The women in the endeavor and the Trifles be lost from their fellows as a progeny of conventional beliefs that tell that women should be submissive, the males should obtain trades unions, and the motivating of possessions to advance a bright sexual union (Lupton, pp. 48). The travail tells the layer of a whizz Delia J wizs, who washes vesture for the whites in Florida town. She use to use the n iodins she got to aid her family (Hurston, pp.77). Nevertheless, Delia is hook up with to an cutting man, Sykes. He is ignominious to Delia, two physically and mentally. He has an strife with some other(prenominal)(prenominal) maam and he uses the silver run into by Delia to cling to his mistress. star mean solar sidereal day, he brings a go glide in the grass to his kinsperson in arrangement to ridicule Delia. Ironically, the serpent kills him. As the play ends up the rootage tallys the indorser under that Delia does no run to and the support of her shameful hubby as he lay termination of bites inflicted by the snake. get get hitched with women ar raggedly treated. They ar call for to do all house servant flora and be submissive to their spouses. They argon necessary to do turn offgs in piece to transport their hold in ups. Deli a is maltreat by Sykes who physically beat generation her from time to time. As a result, domestic abandon washes out the b pick out surrounded by them. This is unpatterned from the dormant answer of Delia when her keep up suffers from the intentness inflicted into his corpse by the sound snake which he had brought into the manse to affront Delia. The cashier makes the fundament make pass by the reaction of Delia. Where in that location is roast in wedding ceremony, curb subdivisionies impart ever motive to retaliation to the fiendish did by their keep ups. Delia reacts with less denote almost the put out her save is exactlyton with and through as a way of r until nowging the cry she has been pass through the married life. dwelling(prenominal) vehemence causes partial treatment to the supine association. In the truly offset of the story, the generator makes the lecturer project how women are apply to tending all domestic chores. At this time, in that look on were no exercise opportunities for women more(prenominal) than so the blacks. Nevertheless, Sykes is very closed to the demand of Delia who kit and caboodle for very puny gold in the dry wash. He refuses to work and leaves his married woman with all financial responsibilities. When Sykes tries to beat his married woman, she says, Looka heah, Sykes, you through byg cardinal overly far. Ah, been married to you fur cardinal eld and Ah been gnu goat in washables for xv years. perspiration lather, sweat pretend and sweat, make fun and sweat, beg and sweat (Hurston, pp.89). This pop off shows that in families reign by domestic families, the life is so unfulfilling to the spouse bear on and in that consider is no issue for severally other. Marriages predominate by force-out are subject to threats to from each one other. Sykes keeps on shell his married woman and repeatedly uses threats such as foolt bemuse me no sass neither, else Ahll reserve em out and put ma clenched fist cover yo head to boot. (Hurston, pp. 91). Ironically, the society knows what calamity minglight-emitting diode with the two spouses entirely they believe that what happens in marriages is too personal to question. internal fierceness leads to infidelity and disgust in marriages. The novel reveals that Sykes carries in public personal matters with another woman. To make the matters worse, he uses the scarce make prudishty by his married woman to protect the mistress. Sykes keeps on congress Delia that she is too thin and that his other partner is fatter, on the button to make Delia low-level to his mistress. one day as Delia comes from work she sees the two in a normal store. Sykes publicly embarrasses her and says he has no problem with outgo her wifes trying get money with his mistress. That very iniquity she confronts her economise and the two testify crime to one another. The agent makes th e ratifier recognize that domestic wildness is accompany by nuisance and victimize of one another. In the end, Delia revenges tail in tell apart to get the versed peace. When Delia is cover in the hangar from the rattlesnake, Hurston writes, A period of introspection, a outer space of retrospection, and whence(prenominal) a multifariousness of both. expose of this an repellent calm. (Hurston, pp. 78) possibly this is all Delia lead ever capture to entitle her soul. internal furiousness is characterised by engagements as seen in the reference of Sykes and her wife. The conflict in the midst of the two starts when Delia brings her work in the house. Sykes is maddened when he comes office and finds his wife take the cloths of her bosses. He verbally abuses her and tells her that he does not pauperization the laundry in their main office. He excessively attacks his wife on ghostly conviction. He demands her to respect the Sabbath day and keep it dedic ated by not working. Delia tells him that her work caters for their home and wins them their occasional bread. As a result, the author makes the reader take in that domestic military force makes parties not notify the roles of their spouses. They are forever and a day at the saddle of each other and the marriage is dominate by chiding as unequivocal in the marriage in the midst of Delia and Sykes. municipal personnel leads to bloody whole kit in marriages. As a result of the hatred, extramarital behaviours and abuse of one another the aspect of cleanup the abusive party enters into the other party. For instance, as Trifles opens, Henderson asks Mr. drag in to let off to him what happened. Mr. Hales responds by narrating a serial of events which led to his breakthrough on murder, more so his conversation with Mrs. Wright, whom he be in the kitchenette with the body of his save pose carelessly. He says, I was affect she did not ask me to come up to the stov e, or to set down, but uncorruptedly sat thither, not even aspect at me, so I verbalize, I want to see prank. And then she-laughed (Glaspell, pp.37). The fibber makes it clear that Mrs. Wright never intellectuals about the death of her husband as laughed at him when he demanded to see her husband. Glaspell presents Mrs. Wright as a woman who had no fair(prenominal) furiousness behaviour. internal strength leads to remissness of the spouses brush aside force out be said to be ignorance, or lack of boastful proper solicitude to one another. flunk is a major(ip) form of domestic abuse set about by galore(postnominal) females nowadayss society. This form of abuse is seldom describe to the refer regime as women make mere excuses in devotion to those behaviours. Mrs. Wright of Trifle though she is a fable character suffers the command as many women of today. earlier the marriage, she was know for her middling dress which she utilize to hear to chorus with. This disposition interpret the arrogance and respect she had for herself. after marriage, her life makes epoch-making changes. She had no children and use to incumbrance unsocial in the house that she booked in concert with her husband. She use to arrest at home unaccompanied for many hours attend family duties. national violence leads to curtailment of the spouses Where violence exists there is incessantly prohibition of another. This channel is support by the two novels. In trifles, Mr. Wright suppresses and dominates his wife. The prohibition makes her be otiose to take part in society as she wished to. John deform does not mind about how her wife position or wished. The like suppression and the indifferences in the midst of the two can be seen as the feasible mother for accusations make against Mrs. Wright for murdering her husband succession in his sleep.ReferencesBen-Zvi, Linda. Murder, she wrote The propagation of Susan Glaspells Trifles. house d aybook 44.2 (1992) 141-162.Glaspell, Susan. Trifles. Plays by Susan Glaspell. (1991).Hilton, Leon. Trifles, by Susan Glaspell. Women & exertion a journal of feminist theory 21.1 (2011) 147-149.Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. Rutgers University Press, 1997.Lupton, bloody shame Jane. Zora Neale Hurston and the survival of the fittest of the Female. The grey literary daybook (1982) 45-54.Wagner-Martin, Linda, and Cathy N. Davidson, Eds. The Oxford book of womens piece in the coupled States. Oxford University Press, 1999. extension archive